Pattern

Regex for Semver range (npm style)

npm semver range — ^1.2.3, ~1.2.3, >=1.0.0, etc.

The Semver range (npm style) regex is ^([\^~>=<]+)?\d+\.\d+\.\d+(-[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+)?(\+[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+)?$ — copy it below, or open it in the explainer for a token-by-token breakdown.

The pattern

^([\^~>=<]+)?\d+\.\d+\.\d+(-[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+)?(\+[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+)?$

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What it matches

^1.2.3
~1.2.3
>=1.0.0
1.2.3
1.0.0-beta

What it doesn't match

1.2
^1
random

Notes & gotchas

Matches a single npm-style version range qualifier. Doesn't handle complex ranges like "^1.0.0 || ^2.0.0" — use semver library for those.

Code in your language

Use the explainer's Code tab to generate ready-to-paste snippets in JavaScript, Python, Java, .NET, Go, Ruby, and PHP for this pattern.

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Token-by-token breakdown

Every part of the pattern, left to right:

Token	Meaning
`^`	start of string (or line in multiline mode)
`(`	start of a capturing group
`[\^~>=<]+`	one or more: any of: “^”, “~”, “>”, “=”, “<”
`)?`	end of group, optional (zero or one)
`\d+`	one or more: digit (0–9)
`\.`	literal “.”
`\d+`	one or more: digit (0–9)
`\.`	literal “.”
`\d+`	one or more: digit (0–9)
`(`	start of a capturing group
`-`	literal text “-”
`[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+`	one or more: any of: lowercase letters, uppercase letters, digits, “.”, “-”
`)?`	end of group, optional (zero or one)
`(`	start of a capturing group
`\+`	literal “+”
`[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+`	one or more: any of: lowercase letters, uppercase letters, digits, “.”, “-”
`)?`	end of group, optional (zero or one)
`$`	end of string (or line in multiline mode)

About this pattern

Identifier formats like UUIDs, hashes, and version strings have well-defined structures that regex captures cleanly. The pattern verifies format; checksums and validity against a registry need additional checks.

Quick usage in different languages

This exact pattern — with the correct escaping and idioms for each language:

JavaScript: /^([\^~>=<]+)?\d+\.\d+\.\d+(-[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+)?(\+[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+)?$/.test(value)
Python: re.match(r"^([\^~>=<]+)?\d+\.\d+\.\d+(-[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+)?(\+[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+)?$", value)
Java: Pattern.compile("^([\\^~>=<]+)?\\d+\\.\\d+\\.\\d+(-[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+)?(\\+[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+)?$").matcher(value).matches()
C# / .NET: Regex.IsMatch(value, @"^([\^~>=<]+)?\d+\.\d+\.\d+(-[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+)?(\+[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+)?$")
Go: regexp.MustCompile(`^([\^~>=<]+)?\d+\.\d+\.\d+(-[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+)?(\+[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+)?$`).MatchString(value)
Ruby: /^([\^~>=<]+)?\d+\.\d+\.\d+(-[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+)?(\+[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+)?$/.match?(value)
PHP: preg_match('~^([\^\~>=<]+)?\d+\.\d+\.\d+(-[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+)?(\+[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+)?$~', $value)

The explainer’s Code tab regenerates these for any pattern you paste, and the downloadable cheat sheet bundles the breakdown, all seven snippets, and the pitfalls below onto one printable page.

Common pitfalls

Anchored to the whole string. This pattern uses ^ and $, so it requires the entire input to match. To find it inside a longer text, drop the anchors and use the global (g) flag.
ASCII letters only. [a-zA-Z] excludes accented and non-Latin letters (é, ü, ß, ñ, and non-Latin scripts). For international input use Unicode properties like \p{L} with the u flag.
Escape it correctly per language. In Java and JavaScript strings each backslash must be doubled (\\d); in Python, Go, and C# use raw/verbatim strings so the backslashes survive.
Validate beyond format. Matching the format doesn't guarantee the value is real. Confirm the semver range (npm style) against a source of truth (database, API, or checksum) where it matters.

Standards & sources

This pattern is based on the following authoritative specification(s) and issuing authorities. Formats can change — always confirm against the primary source.

Semantic Versioning 2.0.0

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